《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(6): 821-828

蓝藻中氮同化及其调控的研究进展

常雅军, 刘晓静, 姚东瑞*

江苏省•中科院植物研究所(中山植物园), 南京210014

通信作者：姚东瑞；E-mail: shuishengzu@126.com；Tel: 025-84347087

摘　要：

蓝藻是地球上规模最大、最重要的微生物之一, 具有光合作用特性, 在水体和陆地环境中分布广泛, 其氮同化对地球氮循环至关重要。自然界中常见的含氮化合物如硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和铵盐可被大多数蓝藻同化利用。一些蓝藻也可将大气N2、尿素、氰酸酯、精氨酸和谷氨酰胺等作为氮源来利用。然而, 为确保氮同化过程的有序进行, 蓝藻对含氮化合物的同化利用在基因或蛋白水平上受到了相应的调控。文章概述了蓝藻对自然界中3种主要的化合态氮源(硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和铵盐)的同化及其调控机制和研究进展, 旨在为光合作用生物有机体在氮代谢方面的研究提供参考依据。

关键词：蓝藻; 氮吸收; 氮同化; 氮调控

收稿：2015-04-07   修定：2015-05-08

资助：江苏省水产三新项目(Y2014-40)、国家海洋公益项目子课题(201505023-23)、江苏省中国科学院植物研究所所基金(YT201402)。

Nitrogen Assimilation and Nitrogen Control in Cyanobacteria

CHANG Ya-Jun, LIU Xiao-Jing, YAO Dong-Rui*

Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China

Corresponding author: YAO Dong-Rui; E-mail: shuishengzu@126.com; Tel: 025-84347087

Abstract:

Cyanobacteria are one of the largest and most important groups of bacteria on earth. They are characterized by the ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis and found in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Nitrogen assimilation in cyanobacteria plays a key role for the nitrogen cycle on earth. Most cyanobacteria can use nitrate, nitrite and ammonium as nitrogen source and some strains of cyanobacteria are able to utilize urea, cyanate or some amino acids. However, all kinds of nitrogen sources need to be uptaken to the cells of cyanobacteria before assimilation by specific nitrogen transporter, and are finally incorporated into carbon skeleton of 2-oxoglutarate after enzymes reduction. Transporters and enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation are regulated in gene or protein expression level to ensure orderly processes of the nitrogen assimilation in the cells. In this review, we summarized latest research progresses in cyanobacteria for the assimilation of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium and its regulation, so as to provide valuable information for further study on the nitrogen metabolism in other photosynthesis organisms.

Key words: cyanobacteria; nitrogen uptake; nitrogen assimilation; nitrogen regulation